-When a producer constructs a text a desired meaning is
encoded in it.
-Sometimes the audience will get the correct meaning from
it, whilst other times not. Sometimes they may even reject the correct meaning.
3 text readings:
-Dominant; Here the audience decodes the meaning the way the
producer wants them to and agrees with it.
-Negotiated; The audience accepts, rejects or refines parts
of the text.
-Oppositional; The dominant reading is recognized but
rejected for ideological, political or cultural reasons.
Applying this to 'Utopia':
Dominant: Empathise with Charlie(Charles) and Jordan, think that they have had a hard and tough past life.
Negotiated: Accepts that Charlie and Jordan have had a hard past life.
Oppositional: Don't like Jordan because of his involvement
in possibly being a bully to charlie and other school pupils and feel that it is his fault that he is in this situation.

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